In a bold move, Israel has ramped up its offensive against Hezbollah, spotlighting the failure of the nearly 20-year-old UN Resolution 1701. Originally designed to stabilize Lebanon by disarming Hezbollah and keeping the Lebanese army on high alert at the Israel border, the resolution has largely fallen flat. Hezbollah’s unchecked buildup and continued attacks on Israel demonstrate how ineffective UN oversight and peacekeeping have been in preventing further conflict. Meanwhile, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken has urged Lebanon to adhere to the resolution’s terms and push Hezbollah away from the border.
The inability of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) to use force against Hezbollah, coupled with Lebanese government inaction, has allowed the group to thrive in Lebanon’s political and military landscape. Hezbollah, operating as a de facto state within a state and backed by Iran, has gained enough influence to directly challenge Israel from Lebanon’s borders. Recently, Israeli airstrikes have targeted Hezbollah outposts and infrastructure in southern Lebanon, showing Israel’s frustration with what it sees as years of UN and Lebanese inaction.
U.S. and UN leaders are now scrambling to resurrect the terms of Resolution 1701, pushing for renewed efforts to demilitarize southern Lebanon. However, with Hezbollah’s hold on Lebanese society, including seats in Parliament and deep-rooted political alliances, disarmament remains a difficult goal. Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati’s calls for a return to 1701’s principles face skepticism, as even Lebanon’s army struggles to contain Hezbollah’s influence.
Israel’s latest strikes, and its broader campaign, underscore its readiness to act unilaterally against Hezbollah if the UN fails to enforce the resolution. With pressure mounting, the question remains whether Lebanon and the UN can dismantle Hezbollah’s grip or if Israel will continue to lead the charge.
